加拿大海盆东南部锚定观测双扩散阶梯的时间演化研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

屈玲  宋雪珑  周生启 《海洋学报》2015,37(1):21-29

加拿大海盆上层,分布着高温高盐的大西洋水和相对低温低盐的盐跃层下部水,两水团之间形成一系列的双扩散阶梯。通过分析2005年8月-2011年8月期间的锚定潜标数据,对双扩散阶梯和这两种水团之间的相互作用进行研究。基于固定盐度范围的方法,在盐度廓线中识别阶梯结构,在盐度34.45~34.83范围内,获取18个阶梯结构,并研究阶梯的参数。发现双扩散阶梯的位温主要受与其接近的水团的影响,同时也受其相邻的阶梯生成或消亡的影响,大西洋水对其上方的双扩散阶梯和盐跃层下部水起到加热作用;而盐跃层下部水的深度变化主导着大西洋水和双扩散阶梯的深度变化。两个相邻的阶梯具有一致的位温和深度变化趋势。通过经验公式,估计大西洋水通过双扩散阶梯向上传输的热通量为0.05~0.6 W/m2,且由下至上呈现逐渐增大的趋势。最后,估算由双扩散造成的垂向涡扩散系数为3×10-6~3.3×10-5 m2/s,且由下至上呈现逐渐减小的趋势。  相似文献   

基于异地潮位资料和BP神经网络的潮位推算研究          下载免费PDF全文

王盛安  龙小敏  潘文亮  周峰华  王东晓 《热带海洋学报》2015,34(2):1-7

文章通过BP神经网络模型,利用西沙站的实测潮位推算三亚站潮位,研究用一地点的潮位资料去推算另一地点(异地)潮位的方法。文章比较了不同隐含层节点数和输入因子对潮位推算结果的影响,采用预测时间(t)之前N个小时(t–N+1,…,t–1,t)西沙站的实测潮位数据作为输入因子,输入因子数目在2~10之间,隐含层分别采用节点数3、4、5、10和15建模,分多种情况进行推算。结果显示,对文中使用的特定情形,隐含层为4个节点的效果最好,隐含层为15个节点的效果最差;输入层为2个节点的效果最好,输入因子增多会使得推算效果变差。隐含层为4个节点、输入因子为t–1、t时刻潮位的仿真验证的结果最好,推算值和实测值之间的相关系数为0.9901,均方根误差为0.06m,误差在–0.16~0.15m之间。结果表明,如果两个地点的潮位具有物理上的关联,通过BP神经网络模型,用一地点的实测潮位推算另一地点潮位的方法是可行的。  相似文献   

Eddy formation and surface flow field in the Luzon Strait area during the summer of 2009     

刘泽  侯一筠  谢强 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2015,33(5):1320-1333

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Multi-scale climate variability of the South China Sea monsoon: A review   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

Bin Wang  Fei Huang  Zhiwei Wu  Jing Yang  Xiouhua Fu  Kazuyoshi Kikuchi 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2009,47(1-3):15-37

This review recapitulates climate variations of the South China Sea (SCS) monsoon and our current understanding of the important physical processes responsible for the SCS summer monsoon's intraseasonal to interannual variations. We demonstrate that the 850 hPa meridional shear vorticity index (SCSMI) can conveniently measure and monitor SCS monsoon variations on a timescale ranging from intraseasonal to interdecadal. Analyses with this multi-scale index reveal that the two principal modes of intraseasonal variation, the quasi-biweekly and 30–60-day modes, have different source regions and lifecycles, and both may be potentially predicted at a lead time longer than one-half of their corresponding lifecycles. The leading mode of interannual variation is seasonally dependent: the seasonal precipitation anomaly suddenly reverses the sign from summer to fall, and the reversed anomaly then persists through the next summer. Since the late 1970s, the relationship between the SCS summer monsoon and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has significantly strengthened. Before the late 1970s, the SCS summer monsoon was primarily influenced by ENSO development, while after the late 1970s, it has been affected mainly in the decaying phase of ENSO. The year of 1993 marked a sudden interdecadal change in precipitation and circulation in the SCS and its surrounding region. Over the past 60 years, the SCS summer monsoon's strength shows no significant trend, but the SCS winter monsoon displays a significant strengthening tendency (mainly in its easterly component and its total wind speed). A number of outstanding issues are raised for future studies.  相似文献   

The Kuroshio Current System as a jet and twin “relative” recirculation gyres embedded in the Sverdrup circulation     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2009,46(3-4):135-164

By analyzing the results of a realistic ocean general circulation model (OGCM) and conducting a series of idealized OGCM experiments, the dynamics of the Kuroshio Current System is examined. In the realistic configuration, the Kuroshio Current System is successfully simulated when the horizontal resolution of OGCMs is increased from 1/2° to 1/10°. The difference between the two experiments shows a jet, the model’s Kuroshio Extension, and a pair of cyclonic and anticyclonic, “relative,” recirculation gyres (RRGs) on the northern and southern flanks of the jet. We call them recirculation gyres because they share some features with ordinary recirculation gyres in previous studies, and we add the adjective “relative” to emphasize that they may not be apparent in the total field. Similar zonal jet and RRGs are obtained also in the idealized model with a rectangular basin and a flat bottom with a horizontal resolution of 1/6°. The northern RRG is generated by the injection of high potential vorticity (PV) created in the viscous sublayer of the western boundary current, indicating the importance of a no-slip boundary condition. Since there is no streamline with such high PV in the Sverdrup interior, the eastward current in the northern RRG region has to lose its PV anomaly by viscosity before connecting to the interior. In the setup stage this injection of high PV is carried out by many eddies generated from the instability of the western boundary current. This high PV generates the northern RRG, which induces the separation of the western boundary current and the formation of the zonal jet. In the equilibrium state, the anomalous high PV values created in the viscous sublayer are carried eastward in the northern flank of the zonal jet. The southern RRG is due to the classical Rhines–Young mechanism, where low PV values are advected northward within the western boundary inertial sublayer, and closed, PV-conserving streamlines form to the south of the Kuroshio Extension, allowing slow homogenization of the low PV anomalies. The westward-flowing southern branch of this southern RRG stabilizes the inertial western boundary current and prevents its separation in the northern half of the Sverdrup subtropical gyre, where the western boundary current is unstable without the stabilizing effect of the southern RRG. Therefore, in the equilibrium state, the southern RRG should be located just to the north of the center of the Sverdrup subtropical gyre, which is defined as the latitude of the Sverdrup streamfunction maximum. The zonal jet (the Kuroshio Extension) and the northern RRG gyre are formed to the north of the southern RRG. This is our central result. This hypothesis is confirmed by a series of sensitivity experiments where the location of the center of the Sverdrup subtropical gyre is changed without changing the boundaries of the subtropical gyre. The locations of the zonal jets in the observed Kuroshio Current System and Gulf Stream are consistent as well. Sensitivities of the model Kuroshio Current System are also discussed with regard to the horizontal viscosity, strength of the wind stress, and coastline.  相似文献   

Stochastic study of the temperature response of the upper ocean to uncertainties in the atmospheric forcing in an Atlantic OGCM     

《Ocean Modelling》2008,20(1):90-113

The impact of errors in atmospheric forcing on the behaviour of ocean models is a fundamental issue for ocean modellers and data assimilation and one that has yet to be fully addressed. In this study, we use a stochastic modelling approach with 50 7-months (September–March) primitive equation eddy permitting (1/4°) integrations. We investigate the response of the oceanic circulation to atmospheric uncertainties, focusing principally on their impact on the upper oceanic temperature field. The ensemble is generated by perturbing the wind, atmospheric temperature and incoming solar radiation of the ERA40 reanalysis. Each perturbation consists of a random combination of the 20 dominant EOFs of the difference between the ERA40 and NCEP/CORE reanalysis datasets. The ensemble standard deviation of various interfacial and oceanic quantities is then examined in the upper 200 m of three distinct regions of the North Atlantic: in the Gulf Stream, in the Northern Tropical band and in the North East Atlantic. These show that even a very small perturbation of the atmospheric variables can lead to significant changes in the ocean properties and that regions of oceanic mesoscale activity are the most sensitive. The ocean response is driven by vertical diffusivity and eddy activity. The role of subsurface currents is also crucial in carrying the eddy signal away from the regions of mesoscale activity. Finally, the decorrelation time scale of the mesoscale activity is critical in determining the amplitude of the oceanic response.  相似文献   

A magnetic fluid laboratory model of the global buoyancy and wind-driven ocean circulation: Analysis     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2006,41(2):121-138

A magnetic fluid laboratory model of the global buoyancy and wind-driven ocean circulation is analyzed. Magnetic fluid is attached to a horizontal cylinder rotating about a vertical axis through its center. The magnetic gravity is radially inwards and is much larger than the normal terrestrial gravitational acceleration g. Motion is driven by imposed meridional heating gradients and/or a surface wind stress. Since the fluid occupies the region from equator to pole, or perhaps some other range of latitude spanning at least 90°, such a facility allows the laboratory simulation of large scale ocean flows. The method of forming the magnetic gravity involves the use of a stack of cylindrical disk magnets, separated by spacers. Although the dominant component of the magnetic gravity is radial and axially invariant, there is a residual “anomalous gravity” that is periodic with a wavelength equal to the magnet spacing along the direction of the magnet stack. The nature of secondary circulations induced by this spatial variation of magnetic gravity will interfere with the proposed experiments on ocean circulations. In this paper we determine the size of such circulations, and compute the expected changes in stability properties of the system due to these anomalies. The spatially-periodic secondary circulations and gravity modulations can be either stabilizing or destabilizing. The physical mechanisms affecting the stability in the limits of small and large values of the Rayleigh number are extracted from the analysis.  相似文献   

Direct major- and trace-element analyses of rock varnish by high resolution laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS)     

《Applied Geochemistry》2006,21(8):1410-1431

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) was used to determine major and trace element concentrations in rock varnish samples from the Lahontan Range, near Fallon, NV and from a remote wilderness area near the San Juan River, in southeastern Utah. The data indicate that rapid LA-ICPMS analyses provide ample analytical resolution for semi-quantitative compositional determinations of both trace and major elements in the varnish despite the presence of a rock substrate component in most analyses. The overall major element contents of rock varnish from the two localities are grossly similar to rock varnish from other locations analyzed by solution ICPMS, electron microprobe, and energy dispersive scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Differences between microprobe and LA-ICPMS analyses may stem from different sampling scales and different degrees of substrate involvement. It was possible to detect significant variations in trace element contents in the rock varnish samples. The Lahontan Range is situated within a belt of W mineralization, and varnish from that locality contained significantly higher W and Mo contents than varnish from localities outside the W belt. Lead, Tl, Bi, Cd and As contents of varnish-coated pebbles from near the San Juan River in southeastern Utah, varied by an order of magnitude as a function of the position of the sampling site on the pebble. Elevated heavy element contents on the skyward-facing varnish surfaces indicate that heavy elements may be preferentially scavenged at the locations most likely to receive direct inputs of atmospherically-deposited airborne particulates. The source of metal-rich airborne particulates, in this case, is probably any one of several large coal-fired power plants in the Four Corners region, proximal to the San Juan study area. These patterns indicate that rock varnish chemistry is influenced by atmospherically-derived fluxes of both dissolved and particulate constituents, and that rock varnish can be used as a passive environmental indicator for a wide variety of elements, in much the same manner as moss and lichens.  相似文献   

南海北部台风和中尺度暖涡对近惯性振荡的影响     

于璐莎  翟荣伟  鲁远征  郭双喜  屈玲  岑显荣  张康  黄鹏起  尚晓东  周生启 《海洋学报》2020,42(1):1-11

基于2014年8-9月南海北部东沙群岛附近海域两个临近站位(站位A,20.736°N,117.745°E,水深1 249 m;站位B,20.835°N,117.56°E,水深848 m)的潜标数据,研究了台风过境所激发的近惯性振荡的特征,分析了中尺度暖涡对近惯性频率的调制及其对近惯性动能分布和传播的影响。站位A(B)142(175) m以浅,近惯性频率由0.710 1(0.713 3)周/d红移至0.659 2周/d,频率减小了7.2%(7.6%),观测结果与两个站位所处的背景涡度相吻合。中尺度暖涡改变了水体层结状态,两个站位的近惯性动能在不同层结中被改变了0.5~3倍。水体层结对能量的折射作用使得站位B的近惯性动能在深度158~223 m之间衰减较少,而站位A的近惯性动能则随着深度的增加快速减小。站位A和站位B近惯性内波的垂向群速度分别约为15.2 m/d和14.1 m/d。如果忽略近惯性动能的水平辐散,近惯性内波的垂向传播分别造成了两个站位垂向上约47%和38%的近惯性动能衰减。  相似文献   

Eddy-induced upwelling off Cape São Tomé (22°S,Brazil)     

L. Calado  I.C.A. da Silveira  A. Gangopadhyay  B.M. de Castro 《Continental Shelf Research》2010,30(10-11):1181-1188

The regional ocean off southeast Brazil (20°S–28°S) is known as a current-eddy-upwelling region. The proximity of the Brazil Current to the coast in the Cape São Tomé vicinities, as well as of its quasi-stationary unstable meanders, suggests the possibility of background eddy-induced upwelling. Such phenomenon can intensify the prevalent coastal upwelling due to wind and topographic effects. In this paper, with the help of a numerical simulation, we provide evidence that eddy-induced upwelling in the absence of wind is possible in this region. The simulation was conducted with a regional configuration of the 3-D Princeton Ocean Model initialized by a feature-based implementation of the Brazil Current and Cape Frio eddy, blended with climatology.  相似文献